Surahs Qiyamah-Dahr

Qur’anic Exegesis

Introduction

Both these surahsform a pair with regard to the subject discussed in them. The first surahsubstantiates the Day of Judgement by the testimony of the reproaching soul, while the second surahsubstantiates this claim by the divine inspiration of good and evil in a person’s soul. However, by contrast, an element of glad tidings of the future is very prominent in the second surah.

The surahsbasically address the leadership of the Quraysh and it is evident from their contents that like the previous surahsthey were revealed in Makkah in the phase of indhar-i-‘amof the Prophet’s mission (sws).

The central theme of both the surahsis to substantiate the Day of Judgement and to warn the Quraysh with its reference.

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بِسْمِ اللہِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِیْمِِ

لَا أُقْسِمُ بِیَوْمِ الْقِیَامَۃِ (1) وَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَۃِ (2) أَیَحْسَبُ الْإِنسَانُ أَلَّن نَجْمَعَ عِظَامَہُ (3) بَلَی قَادِرِیْنَ عَلَی أَن نُّسَوِّیَ بَنَانَہُ (4) بَلْ یُرِیْدُ الْإِنسَانُ لِیَفْجُرَ أَمَامَہُ (5) یَسْأَلُ أَیَّانَ یَوْمُ الْقِیَامَۃِ (6) فَإِذَا بَرِقَ الْبَصَرُ (7) وَخَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ (8) وَجُمِعَ الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ (9) یَقُولُ الْإِنسَانُ یَوْمَءِذٍ أَیْْنَ الْمَفَرُّ (10) کَلَّا لَا وَزَرَ (11) إِلَی رَبِّکَ یَوْمَءِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ (12) یُنَبَّأُ الْإِنسَانُ یَوْمَءِذٍ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ (13) بَلِ الْإِنسَانُ عَلَی نَفْسِہِ بَصِیْرَۃٌ (14) وَلَوْ أَلْقَی مَعَاذِیْرَہُ (15) لَا تُحَرِّکْ بِہِ لِسَانَکَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِہِ (16) إِنَّ عَلَیْْنَا جَمْعَہُ وَقُرْآنَہُ (17) فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاہُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَہُ (18) ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَیْْنَا بَیَانَہُ (19) کَلَّا بَلْ تُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَۃَ (20) وَتَذَرُونَ الْآخِرَۃَ (21) وُجُوہٌ یَوْمَءِذٍ نَّاضِرَۃٌ (22) إِلَی رَبِّہَا نَاظِرَۃٌ (23) وَوُجُوہٌ یَوْمَءِذٍ بَاسِرَۃٌ (24) تَظُنُّ أَن یُفْعَلَ بِہَا فَاقِرَۃٌ (25) کَلَّا إِذَا بَلَغَتْ التَّرَاقِیَ (26) وَقِیْلَ مَنْ رَاقٍ (27) وَظَنَّ أَنَّہُ الْفِرَاقُ (28) وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ (29) إِلَی رَبِّکَ یَوْمَءِذٍ الْمَسَاقُ (30) فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّی (31) وَلٰکِن کَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّی (32) ثُمَّ ذَہَبَ إِلَی أَہْلِہِ یَتَمَطَّی (33) أَوْلَی لَکَ فَأَوْلَی (34) ثُمَّ أَوْلَی لَکَ فَأَوْلَی (35) أَیَحْسَبُ الْإِنسَانُ أَن یُتْرَکَ سُدًی (36) أَلَمْ یَکُ نُطْفَۃً مِّن مَّنِیٍّ یُمْنَی (37) ثُمَّ کَانَ عَلَقَۃً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّی (38) فَجَعَلَ مِنْہُ الزَّوْجَیْْنِ الذَّکَرَ وَالْأُنثَی (39) أَلَیْْسَ ذَلِکَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَی أَن یُحْیِیَ الْمَوْتَی (40)

But on the day when the sight is dazed and the moon eclipsed and the sun and the moon brought together, this very man will say ‘Whither to flee?’8-- No! there is no refuge now!9Towards your Lord that Day is the resting place. On that Day will man be informed what he sent forth and what he left behind.10[No he cannot deny it]; in fact, he himself is a witness upon his own self however much he may put up excuses.11(7-15)

[To reveal to them, as soon as possible, the undeniable and ultimate truth of the Qur’anO Prophet!] do not move your tongue swiftly to acquire this [Qur’an]. Verily, upon Us is its collection and recital.12So when We have recited it follow this recital [of Ours].13Then upon Us is to explain it14[to you wherever need be].  (16-19)

 [No O People! You cannot deny it;] certainly not! In fact [the truth is that]  you  only  love  this  fleeting  life  and remain heedless of the life to come.15[But it will turn up and turn up in a manner that] some faces will be joyous on that Day awaiting the graciousness of their Lord and some faces will be gloomy16apprehending that there is going to befall them that which breaks their backs.  (20-25)

[No you cannot deny it]; certainly not! On the Day when the soul reaches the collar-bone and it is said: what enchanter [can save him]!17and he [-- the dying man --] will think that it is parting time and the shank will embrace the shank18. On that Day, towards your Lord is the departure.  (26-30)

But [look at this man]! He neither believed in [the good fate of the Hereafter]19nor prayed; on the contrary, he denied and turned away. Then he went to his family conceitedly. Woe be to you, then woe be to you! And again woe be to you, then woe be to you!  (31-35)

Does man think that he will be left to go unrestrained?20Was he not a drop of a fluid poured forth?21Then he became a clot [from this fluid]. Then He [-- his Lord--] created him; then fashioned him in due proportion. Then made pairs of him: male and female.  Is He[now]  not able to raise the dead to life?22(36-40)

بِسْمِ اللہِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِیْمِِ

ہَلْ أَتَی عَلَی الْإِنسَانِ حِیْنٌ مِّنَ الدَّہْرِ لَمْ یَکُن شَیْْئاً مَّذْکُوراً (1) إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ مِن نُّطْفَۃٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَّبْتَلِیْہِ فَجَعَلْنَاہُ سَمِیْعاً بَصِیْراً (2) إِنَّا ہَدَیْْنَاہُ السَّبِیْلَ إِمَّا شَاکِراً وَإِمَّا کَفُوراً (3) إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْکَافِرِیْنَ سَلَاسِلَا وَأَغْلَالاً وَسَعِیْراً (4) إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ یَشْرَبُونَ مِن کَأْسٍ کَانَ مِزَاجُہَا کَافُوراً (5) عَیْْناً یَشْرَبُ بِہَا عِبَادُ اللَّہِ یُفَجِّرُونَہَا تَفْجِیْراً (6) یُوفُوْنَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَیَخَافُونَ یَوْماً کَانَ شَرُّہُ مُسْتَطِیْراً (7) وَیُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَی حُبِّہِ مِسْکِیْناً وَیَتِیْماً وَأَسِیْراً (8) إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُکُمْ لِوَجْہِ اللَّہِ لَا نُرِیْدُ مِنکُمْ جَزَاء وَلَا شُکُوراً (9) إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِن رَّبِّنَا یَوْماً عَبُوساً قَمْطَرِیْراً (10) فَوَقَاہُمُ اللَّہُ شَرَّ ذَلِکَ الْیَوْمِ وَلَقَّاہُمْ نَضْرَۃً وَسُرُوراً (11) وَجَزَاہُم بِمَا صَبَرُوا جَنَّۃً وَحَرِیْراً (12) مُتَّکِءِیْنَ فِیْہَا عَلَی الْأَرَاءِکِ لَا یَرَوْنَ فِیْہَا شَمْساً وَلَا زَمْہَرِیْراً (13) وَدَانِیَۃً عَلَیْْہِمْ ظِلَالُہَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُہَا تَذْلِیْلاً (14) وَیُطَافُ عَلَیْْہِم بِآنِیَۃٍ مِّن فِضَّۃٍ وَأَکْوَابٍ کَانَتْ قَوَارِیْرَا (15) قَوَارِیْرَ مِن فِضَّۃٍ قَدَّرُوہَا تَقْدِیْراً (16) وَیُسْقَوْنَ فِیْہَا کَأْساً کَانَ مِزَاجُہَا زَنجَبِیْلاً (17) عَیْْناً فِیْہَا تُسَمَّی سَلْسَبِیْلاً (18) وَیَطُوفُ عَلَیْْہِمْ وِلْدَانٌ مُّخَلَّدُونَ إِذَا رَأَیْْتَہُمْ حَسِبْتَہُمْ لُؤْلُؤاً مَّنثُوراً (19) وَإِذَا رَأَیْْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَیْْتَ نَعِیْماً وَمُلْکاً کَبِیْراً (20) عَالِیَہُمْ ثِیَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضْرٌ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٌ وَحُلُّوا أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّۃٍ وَسَقَاہُمْ رَبُّہُمْ شَرَاباً طَہُوراً (21) إِنَّ ہَذَا کَانَ لَکُمْ جَزَاء وَکَانَ سَعْیُکُم مَّشْکُوراً (22) إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَیْْکَ الْقُرْآنَ تَنزِیْلاً (23) فَاصْبِرْ لِحُکْمِ رَبِّکَ وَلَا تُطِعْ مِنْہُمْ آثِماً أَوْ کَفُوراً (24) وَاذْکُرِ اسْمَ رَبِّکَ بُکْرَۃً وَأَصِیْلاً (25) وَمِنَ اللَّیْْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَہُ وَسَبِّحْہُ لَیْْلاً طَوِیْلاً (26) إِنَّ ہَؤُلَاء یُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَۃَ وَیَذَرُونَ وَرَاء ہُمْ یَوْماً ثَقِیْلاً (27) نَحْنُ خَلَقْنَاہُمْ وَشَدَدْنَا أَسْرَہُمْ وَإِذَا شِءْنَا بَدَّلْنَا أَمْثَالَہُمْ تَبْدِیْلاً (28) إِنَّ ہَذِہِ تَذْکِرَۃٌ فَمَن شَاء اتَّخَذَ إِلَی رَبِّہِ سَبِیْلاً (29) وَمَا تَشَاؤُونَ إِلَّا أَن یَشَاءَ اللَّہُ إِنَّ اللَّہَ کَانَ عَلِیْماً حَکِیْماً (30) یُدْخِلُ مَن یَشَاءُ فِیْ رَحْمَتِہِ وَالظَّالِمِیْنَ أَعَدَّ لَہُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِیْماً (31)

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Ever Merciful.

Has there also passed over man a period of time when he was a thing not worthy of mention?²³1Indeed, We have created man from a drop of mingled sperm. We continued to test him²⁴2until We  made  him  capable  of  hearing  and  seeing²⁵3[such that] We showed him the right and wrong path²⁶4. It is now up to him to be grateful or ungrateful²⁷5. (1-3)

[We showed him the right and wrong path; so therefore] We have prepared for the ungrateful chains and yokes and a Blazing Fire²⁸6. But [those who are grateful], the loyal, they indeed will drink cups of wine²⁹7flavoured with camphor³⁰8, a spring near³¹9which these servants of Allah will drink and take out its channels wherever they want with great ease. They used to keep their vows³²10and remained fearful of the Day whose horror will spread far and wide, and used to give food to the poor, the orphan and the captive³³11in spite of being needy of it; [their driving force being:] we are feeding you for Allah only. No reward do we desire from you nor thanks. (4-9)

 [Besides this], they will be given to drink a wine flavoured with Zanjabi$l. This is also a spring therein called Salsabi$l. They will be attended by boys graced with eternal youth³⁹17. When you see them you will think that they are pearls scattered about. And wherever you look you will see great bliss and a kingdom glorious [such] that even the over garments of [the dwellers of paradise] will be of green silk and brocade and satin⁴⁰18. They were  adorned with bracelets of silver⁴¹19[and  then  they  reached the place where] their Lord gave them pure wine to drink⁴²20. Indeed, this is a reward of your deeds and [congratulations to you that] your endeavours have been acknowledged.  (17-22)

[Just  do not  care  about  what  they say O Prophet!]⁴³21. We alone have revealed this Qur’anand revealed it in a profound manner. So with perseverance wait for the judgement of your Lord and pay no heed to any sinner or ingrate among them. [We shall take care of them] and remember the name of your Lord from dawn to dusk and prostrate yourselves before Him in the night and glorify Him till late at night.⁴⁴  (23-26)