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Obligation to offer the Prayer in Congregation

 

     Question: Why does Javed Ahmad Ghāmidī in his book Mīzān apply the divine law related to the Messengers to the congregational prayers? He seems to hold that the narratives ascribed to the Prophet (sws) directing the believers to compulsorily attend the prayers in congregation pertains to his time only and it is no more applicable afterwards? I mean what is the intrinsic evidence within the narratives which points to the fact that the law should be applied?

     Answer: In order to understand this issue, we need to consider the fact that narratives in this regard are of two types. Both are authentic yet apparently contradicting.

The first type of narratives gives the message that praying in the mosque is an obligation that must be fulfilled at all costs and there can be no reason for a person who hears the adhān to not come to the mosque. For example:

A blind person once asked relief from the Prophet (sws) in coming to the mosque, he was at first given the permission; and then the Prophet (sws) asked him: “Do you hear the voice of the adhān?” When he answered in the affirmative, the Prophet (sws) said that he would then have to come to the mosque.[1]

The Prophet (sws) warned people: “I would like to burn the houses of those who do not come for the prayer, and would like to have them thrown over these people.”[2]

It is narrated by Ibn Mas’ūd (rta) that even the sick in those times would come to the congregational prayer by limping on the shoulders of two people.[3]

The second category of narratives give the message that praying in the mosque is highly rewarding though it is not an obligation. Some of the narratives ascribed to the Prophet (sws) in this regard are the following:

The congregational prayer is twenty seven times more rewarding than the individual prayer.[4]

If people knew how highly rewarding reaching the mosque at the time of the adhān is and standing in the first row is, and if for this they had to cast lots, they would have done this. And if they knew the reward of outdoing others for the zuhr prayer, they would have done so. And if they knew the reward for the fajr and ‘ishā prayer they would have reached the mosque even if they had to drag themselves for this.[5]

A person who prayed the ‘ishā prayer in congregation is like a person who stood for worship till midnight and a person who prayed the fajr prayer in congregation is like a person who spent the whole night standing in worship.[6]

Both these types of narratives, of course, oppose one another and cannot be true at the same time unless there is some other explanation to them.

A deliberation on the Qur’an shows that in the times of the Prophet (sws), there had come a time after the truth had been conclusively communicated to his addressees when true believers were separated and isolated from the Hypocrites and Disbelievers so that the final judgement of God could be pronounced on the latter two denominations. The first category of narratives seems to be an application of this directive of God: coming to the mosque was a barometer in determining who was a true believer and who was not. Hence this was regarded as compulsory. However, after the departure of the Prophet (sws), this was of course no longer required since the divine practice of God regarding His Messengers had reached its culmination.

In other words, what can be said is that while the first category of narratives relates to the divine practice of God regarding His Messengers, the second category gives a general picture.

Needless to say that all narratives must be related to their basis in the Qur’ān and Sunnah or in the norms of sense and reason for narratives cannot give an independent directive of religion. They must be related to their basis in the original sources.

 

Doctors and the Punishment of Unintentional Murder

 

     Question: How does the punishment of unintentional murder apply to doctors. Could you help clarify?

     Answer: The case of death caused unintentionally has been dealt in the Qur’ān in the following verse:

 

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصَّدَّقُوا فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِنْ اللَّهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  (4 :92)

And it is unlawful for a believer to kill a believer except if it happens by accident. And he who kills a believer accidentally must free one Muslim slave and pay diyat to the heirs of the victim except if they forgive him. If the victim is a Muslim belonging to a people at enmity with you, the freeing of a Muslim slave is enough. But if the victim belongs to an ally, diyat shall be given to his heirs and a Muslim slave shall also have to be set free. He who does not have a slave, must fast two consecutive months. This is from Allah a way to repent for this sin: and He is Wise, All-Knowing. (4:92)

 

As per this verse, a person who is responsible for the accidental death of someone is liable to:

1. Pay diyat (a penalty) to the family of the deceased to atone for his mistake

2. Repent before the Almighty

3. Free a Muslim slave

If the person does not have a slave, he should consecutively fast for two months.

Today in the absence of slaves and slavery, it is recommended by some scholars that in its place the said person can pay to bail out a criminal from jail who needs money for his liberation and cannot afford to furnish the money for this. The amount of money given should be decided keeping in view the financial circumstances of the person who is responsible for the accidental death.

The option of fasting can be used if a person does not even have the money for this purpose.